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shell and tube heat exchanger.jpg

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Shell and tube heat exchanger (SHTE), also known as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, is a type of heat exchanger that uses the walls of a tube bundle enclosed in a shell as the heat transfer surface. This type of heat exchanger offers a simple structure, low cost, a wide flow cross-section, and easy scale removal. However, it suffers from a low heat transfer coefficient and requires a large footprint. It can be manufactured from a variety of structural materials (primarily metal) and can operate under high temperatures and high pressures, making it the most widely used type.

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    Technical Parameters
    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Structure

    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Components

    Common types of SHTE include fixed tube sheet, floating head, and U-shaped SHTE. The key control parameters of SHTEs include heat transfer area, medium flow rate, heat transfer capacity, and heat medium parameters.

    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Structure

    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger consists of a shell, heat transfer tube bundle, tube sheet, baffles (baffles), and tube box. The shell is typically cylindrical, housing the tube bundle, which is fixed to the tube sheet at both ends. The two fluids involved in heat exchange, hot and cold, flow inside the tubes, known as the tube-side fluid; the other flows outside the tubes, known as the shell-side fluid. To improve the heat transfer coefficient of the fluid outside the tubes, baffles are typically installed within the shell. These baffles increase the velocity of the shell-side fluid, forcing the fluid to pass through the tube bundle multiple times along a prescribed path, thereby increasing fluid turbulence. The heat exchange tubes can be arranged on the tubesheet in either an equilateral triangle or a square configuration. The equilateral triangle arrangement is more compact, resulting in higher turbulence and a higher heat transfer coefficient. The square arrangement facilitates cleaning of the tubes and is suitable for fluids prone to scaling.